• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The system and method of acquiring samples at different depths, for the automatic real-time monitoring of the water quality in an aquatic environment, consists of a set of modules that allow to collect waters of different depth levels in the column of a aquatic medium, cyclically and lead them to a measurement module, where the sample is analyzed by means of different water quality sensors, sending this data through a communications system to a database or server. This would be done autonomously through a control module and an energy system that allows the cycle of measurements to be carried out periodically or under the orders given through the communications system. The measurement cycle ends with a cleaning phase for optimal maintenance of the system sensors. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2685261A1
    申请号:ES201700459
    申请日:2017-03-31
    公开日:2018-10-08
    发明作者:Jesús Manuel TORRES PALENZUELA
    申请人:Universidade de Vigo；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    System and method of acquiring samples at different depths for automatic and real-time monitoring of water quality in an aquatic environment.
     5
    Object of the invention

    The present invention is within any sector of activity related to the monitoring of water quality parameters in aquatic environments, both at the continental level in reservoirs, lakes, rivers and wetlands, and in marine aquatic environments. 10

    Background of the invention

    A lake or aquatic environment reservoir is a dynamic system that has elements of life, that is, it includes flora, fauna and living microorganisms, as well as organic remains in both water and sediment. The interaction is very complex between these elements of the system including geological, physical and chemical factors. All this is known as "reservoir metabolism" and its conditions and general functioning allow to know the situation of the system at all times.
     twenty
    The embalmed water remains stored for a time (residence time) that can be more or less long, during which it exchanges matter with the bottom or substrate, mainly by deposit of solid materials dragged by the rivers (sediment deposit).
     25
    The sediment can subsequently return compounds to water, in dynamic interaction. Naturally, reservoirs tend to accumulate sediment, which produces that their waters contain increasingly higher concentrations of nutrients. The sediment also traps and accumulates certain relatively poorly soluble chemical substances, whose concentration increases over time, but which can dissolve under other conditions (depending on the pH of the water); 30 belong to this category heavy metals. The anthropogenic action accelerates these processes and generally adds polluting elements. Depending on the destination that is intended to be given to the dammed water, its desirable quality is different. In the case that it is used for the supply of the population, the waters must be oligotrophic and contain no solution, current or potential (because it is in the sediment), substances harmful to human health, 35 such as heavy metals, pesticides and Organochlorine compounds in general, petroleum products, and others.

    Depending on the concentration of nutrients in the water, at birth they tend to be oligotrophic and eventually end up being eutrophic, passing through the intermediate mesotrophic state. An oligotrophic lake 40 is a body of water with low primary productivity, as a result of low nutrient content. These lakes or reservoirs have low algae production, and consequently, have extremely clear waters, with high quality drinking water. The surface waters of these lakes typically have a lot of oxygen.
     Four. Five
    An eutrophized aquatic system is characterized by an abnormally high abundance of nutrients. The development of biomass in an ecosystem is limited, most of the time, by the shortage of some chemical elements, such as nitrogen in continental environments and phosphorus in marine, that primary producers need to develop and what we call Therefore limiting factors. The punctual contamination of the 50 waters, by urban effluents, or diffuse, by the agrarian or atmospheric pollution, can contribute important amounts of these limiting elements. The result is an increase in primary production (photosynthesis) with important consequences on the composition, structure and dynamics of the ecosystem.
    Massive proliferations, or blooms, of phytoplankton organisms, and among them cyanobacteria, represent a major economic and ecological problem in the management of water and aquatic ecosystems. The increase in biomass, in addition to causing aesthetic problems such as the appearance of unpleasant foams and odors, alters the taste of drinking water and, when decomposed, causes deoxygenation by modifying the chemistry of water, changes that influence the survival of aquatic organisms . However, cyanobacterial blooms are the most studied and known because these organisms can produce bioactive metabolites (cyanotoxins) that constitute a serious environmental problem with serious repercussions on human and animal health (Chorus & Bartram, Toxic cyanobacteria in water: a guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and 10 management. E & FN Spon, London. 1999).

    Currently, due to the important industrial and agricultural activity, the continuous and permanent introduction of diverse pollutants in our environment called emerging and also of nutrients and fertilizers are occurring in recent decades. 15 Around 70% -75% of global water pollution is a product of human activities that take place on the earth's surface. 90% of pollutants are transported by rivers to the sea. As a consequence, many critical ecosystems, some unique in the world, have been altered beyond their resilience. Thus, environmental pollution by heavy metals, drugs or nitrates and phosphates has become a serious problem in freshwater and oceans. Heavy metals are essentially non-biodegradable and therefore accumulate in the environment. The accumulation of heavy metals in soils and waters represents a risk to environmental and human health. These elements accumulate in the tissues of the body of living beings (bio-accumulation) and their concentrations increase as they pass from lower trophic levels to higher trophic levels (a phenomenon known as bio-magnification). Non-essential heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Hg and Cr) are not necessary by living organisms for physiological and biochemical functions. Also, the presence of drugs in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become, in recent years, a potential and important environmental problem. 30

    Although the concentration of these is very small and individually do not generate major complications, the risk that the combination of several of these drugs can cause to aquatic ecosystems is not known with complete certainty. In addition, the fact of the reuse of water after the purification process (whether for irrigation, consumption, etc.) can generate problems of accumulation of these emerging pollutants and can become a potential health problem.

    Likewise, inorganic plant nutrients, nitrates and phosphates, are water-soluble substances that plants need for their development, but if they are found in excessive quantity 40 they induce the excessive growth of algae and other organisms causing the eutrophication of water. When these algae and other vegetables die, when decomposed by microorganisms, oxygen is depleted and the life of other living beings becomes impossible. The result is a smelly and unusable water.
     Four. Five
    According to GESAMP (Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection) (2001), the main fixed sources of pollution correspond to industrial plants, municipal waste and sites for extraction, exploitation and construction such as excavations (agricultural exploitation, exploitation forestry, mining, etc.).
     fifty
    Monitoring of environmental parameters

    With regard to the procedures of biological control of water quality, direct methods have been applied, based on sampling and laboratory analysis.
    The control programs of the Water Framework Directive involve major investments in the acquisition of this type of data, which are clearly insufficient when it comes to detecting and explaining phenomena of great environmental and social impact (proliferations of potentially toxic algae, massive fish deaths, disappearance of species of conservation interest, proliferation of exotic invasive species, etc.). The need to adopt 5 reinforcement procedures in the acquisition of this type of information is pressing and recognized by water managers, and in fact the prelude to a true revolution in this field is being lived, which should allow a notable increase in the performance of biological control programs, especially in non-wading water bodies, such as reservoirs. 10

    Given the suspicion of an episode of cyanobacteria, different laboratory procedures are currently being applied that would include periodic sampling, microscopic analysis with identification, a cyanobacterial colony count, an acute toxicity test due to intraperitoneal mouse exposure and according to symptoms, presence confirmation of 15 hepatotoxins or neurotoxins.

    These procedures are expensive and require time to get the results. The increase in agricultural holdings, industrial and urban waste, use of phosphates, pesticides and climate change, are some of the factors that have an impact on the increase in eutrophic processes and the development of cyanobacteria in the hydrological network.

    The requirements regarding the conservation of aquatic ecosystems have undergone a very important development, especially as regards integrated water management, which requires feeding complex dynamic models. In this sense, the growing regulatory and social demands in environmental matters are inducing a notable increase in the demand for information, both in terms of space-time resolution and thematic. The main components of this scenario are:

     Environmental management bodies: they need to systematically record 30 data regarding physical, chemical and biological conditions (currently the cost is high).

     Increasing scarcity, and even depletion, of natural resources associated with water, both in marine and transition systems (estuaries and estuaries), and inland (rivers, 35 lakes, reservoirs).

    In recent years, there is a real technological revolution in the application of digital systems to multisensory portable platforms, capable of acquiring environmental data at a very high rate and reliability. The portability and benefits achieved 40 allow a competitive response to the growing demand for systems for acquiring, processing and remote control of environmental information in the aquatic environment.

    In this scenario it is essential to develop reliable tools that allow for measuring in situ and in real time parameters of water quality related to eutrophication in aquatic areas, providing significant savings in laboratory analysis costs, and sampling time, as well as the radical improvement in management processes related to water quality in reservoirs and other bodies of water.

    Description of the invention 50

    One aspect of the present invention comprises a monitoring system to capture water from different levels of the water column periodically, making measurements of physicochemical parameters and sending the information through a communications system to
    a database or server via internet or telephone data. The monitoring system consists of several modules that allow to keep the sampling tasks autonomously and with low maintenance, which includes at least:

     A Water Acquisition Module consisting of a series of hoses at different depths formed by flexible hoses weighed thoroughly that allows us to design access to any depth of the aquatic environment to be analyzed.

     An Extraction Module consisting of a surface pump that is located a few centimeters below the surface connected with one of the water intakes of the 10 Acquisition Module, a set of solenoid valves for sampling depth selection, and a pump Extraction

     A Measurement Module for analysis of the water sample where the different water quality measurement sensors are located. fifteen

     A System Control Module that regulates the cycle of acquisition of samples of the different levels of depth, the taking of water quality measures, the sending of the data, as well as regulating the system cleaning cycle and the actions of Orders received through the communications system. twenty

     An Energy and Communications Module that controls the autonomous energy collection system necessary to regulate the energy needs of the system at all times and a communication system in charge of sending and receiving communications of the data captured and analyzed by the Control Module and the 25 orders for the system.

     A Cleaning Module consisting of a filtered water tank that is provided with a small bilge pump that is responsible for sending the cleaning water to the Measurement Module in a closed circuit. 30

    A preferred embodiment, the Acquisition Module is modular, the number of depth hoses will depend on the number of sampling levels (depth levels required), which in turn depends on the type of water and its complexity.
     35
    A preferred embodiment, the Sample Analysis Measurement Module consists of a series of physical and chemical parameters sensors, as well as concentration sensors of certain microorganisms present in the water column.

    In another preferred embodiment, the communications system controlled by the Energy and Communication Module may be by cable, telephony, wireless communications system or any other system to send the collected data to a server.

    In another embodiment, preferably, the proposed monitoring system may be on a floating platform, on a pole on the shore of an aquatic area, on a vessel, on a buoy or grounded to a dam or a port.

    In another preferred embodiment, the energy system can be by means of a direct connection to the power grid or an autonomous system based on photovoltaic panels, wind turbines or any autonomous system that supplies the energy necessary for the operation of the system.

    In another preferred embodiment, the system may not contain a cleaning module.
    In another preferred embodiment, the system can reunify or separate modules into parts with the same functionalities.

    In another preferred embodiment, the system may be formed in its Acquisition Module by rigid or flexible pipe. 5

    Another object of the present invention is a method for water monitoring comprising the following steps:

    a) Supply water to the Measurement Module of the surface sample, through the surface pump of the Extraction Module and through the valve corresponding to the surface depth passing through the extraction pump, and returning through the drain out of the monitoring system.

    b) Analysis of the water sample and sending of data, the analysis of the water sample is carried out through the sensors of the Measurement Module, these data are collected by the Control Module and sent by the communications system controlled by the Energy and Communications Module.

    c) Sampling and analysis at different depth levels, by means of the 20 Control Module, the corresponding solenoid valve of the next depth hose of the Acquisition Module is activated, while closing the surface pump, bringing the water that It now goes to the Measurement Module from a different level of depth, repeating step b) of measuring the water sample and sending data; This stage is repeated with the rest of the depth hoses included in the monitoring system, synchronized with the opening of corresponding solenoid valves and data collection by the sensors of the Measurement Module controlled by the Control Module.

    d) Cleaning the monitoring system, once the 30-depth sampling cycle is completed, the extraction pump is stopped and the acquisition solenoid valves are closed, to activate the Cleaning Module which consists of sending filtered water from the cleaning tank to the Measurement Module in a closed circuit, until the extraction and measurement cycle begins again.
     35
    The proposed system and method is applicable in all types of aquatic environments, both continental and marine, in reservoirs, lakes, riverbeds, ports and canals.

    Brief description of the drawings
     40
    To complement the description made, a set of figures is included as an integral part of said description, where an illustrative and non-limiting character is depicted as a preferred embodiment which will be described in the following section.

    Figure 1. Sample acquisition system at different depths for automatic and real-time monitoring of water quality in an aquatic environment with all its modules. It consists of: Acquisition Module (1); Extraction Module (2); Measurement Module (3); Energy and Communications Module (4); Control Module (5); Cleaning Module (6); Coupling of extraction and drain hoses (7); Battery (8), Aquatic Environment (9) and surface pump or pump 1 (10). fifty

    Figure 2. Scheme of Sample Acquisition System at different depths for automatic and real-time monitoring of water quality in an aquatic environment. Formed by the Extraction Module (2) with surface pump (Pump1), pump
    Extraction (Pump2), extraction and drain valves, and Cleaning Modules (6) and Measurement Module (3).

    Figure 3. Detail diagram of Extraction Module (2), with surface pump (Pump1), extraction pump (Pump2) and extraction valves. 5

    Figure 4. Aerial view of the system in configuration to place in a buoy. The parts of the system are: Extraction Module (2); Measurement Module (3); Energy and Communications Module (4); Control Module (5); Cleaning Module (6); Coupling of extraction and drain hoses (7) and Battery (8). 10

    Figure 5. Detail of Measurement Module (3) and Control Module (5).

    Figure 6. Acquisition Module Detail (1): set of extraction valves, extraction pump or Pump 2 (11) and extraction valves or solenoid valves (12). fifteen

    Figure 7. Detail of coupling of extraction and drain hoses (7).

    Figure 8. Control Module Detail (5).
     twenty
    Figure 9. Sample acquisition system at different depths for automatic and real-time monitoring of water quality in an aquatic environment located in a deep-seated buoy.

    Figure 10. Sample acquisition system at different depths for automatic and real-time monitoring of water quality in an aquatic environment located by boat.

    Figure 11. Sample acquisition system at different depths for automatic and real-time monitoring of water quality in an aquatic environment attached to a dike, or 30 docks in an aquatic environment.

    Figure 12. Sample acquisition system at different depths for automatic and real-time monitoring of water quality in an aquatic environment located on a platform or dock. 35

    Figure 13. Scheme of step 1 of the procedure in which the surface pump sends water from that hose to the Measurement Module (3), through the Extraction Module (2).
     40
    Figure 14. Scheme of step 2 of the procedure, where water is drawn from the second hose to the Measurement Module (3).

    Figure 15. Scheme of step 3 of the procedure in which the Cleaning Module (6) is activated in a closed circuit. Four. Five

    Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

    For a better understanding of the present invention, a preferred embodiment of the invention, shown in Figures 1 through 15, are set forth below, which should be understood without limitation of the scope of the invention.

    Figures 1 to 8 show the different elements of the monitoring system object of the invention, in the specific case of Figure 1 the set of modules of the system is shown, consisting of:

     A Water Acquisition Module (1) consisting of a series of water intakes (see 5 Figure 1) at different depths formed by flexible ballasted pipes that allow us to design access to any depth of the Aquatic Environment (9) a analyze. This module is fixed to the structure, either a buoy, pole, dock or dike, by means of a coupling of extraction and drain hoses (7).
     10
     This Acquisition Module (1) is complemented by an Extraction Module (2) (see Figures 2, 3 and 6) consisting of at least one surface pump (Pump1) (10) which is located a few centimeters below the surface, an extraction pump (Pump 2) (11) located inside the buoy, cabin or cabin of the system and prior to the Measurement Module (3) and a set of solenoid valves (12). Both modules are connected to a coupling of drain and drain hoses (7).

     The extraction is programmed by the Control Module (5) and is carried out through solenoid valves (12) (see Figure 6) which determine the hose or depth of measurement. twenty

     A Measurement Module (3) for water sample analysis consists of a series of sensors for measuring physical and chemical parameters (See Figure 5), as well as concentration measurement sensors for certain microorganisms present in the column of Water. 25

     A Control Module (5) of the system that regulates the cycle of acquisition of samples of the different levels of depth, the taking of measurements by means of water quality sensors and the sending of the data to the base together with control parameters ( see Figure 8). It also regulates the cleaning cycle of the system and the actions of orders received through the communications system.

     A Cleaning Module (6) consisting of a tank of filtered water lacking any element that could alter the measurement of the sensors present in the system, meeting the requirements for the maintenance of the sensors given by the manufacturers. The tank of the Cleaning Module (6) is provided with a small bilge pump that is responsible for sending the cleaning water to the Measurement Module in closed circuit. The cleaning procedure of the Measurement Module will be carried out at the end of the water collection cycle in the measurement and extraction phase. Through the Control Module (5) the sensor cleaning will be programmed and thus avoid erroneous readings due to the accumulation of sediments in the most sensitive parts of the sensors.

     An Energy and Communications Module (4) connected to photovoltaic panels or wind turbines and a communications antenna that is responsible for sending and receiving 45 data and orders to the system, as well as regulating the energy needs of the system at all times. This Energy and Communications Module includes:

    o An autonomous energy collection system sized to meet the 50 energy needs of the equipment to which they connect with a high degree of reliability and the minimum maintenance of all the elements of the system. It is a modular design system that allows coupling
    electric power generators using photovoltaic panels, wind turbines or any power system supplied by network or by a self-sufficient system.

    o A buoy communication system based on WSN (Wireless Sensing Networks / IEEE 802.15.4 standard) wireless sensor technologies and the development of low-cost, small-sized and low-consumption sensor nodes to configure a distributed system of environmental monitoring

    The monitoring system proposed in this invention is versatile and can be placed on a floating platform or dock (figure 11) or fixed to land attached to a reservoir or port dike (figure 12), or inside the aquatic environment in a boat (figure 10), or in a deep-anchored buoy (figure 9).

    Monitoring Method 15

    a) Supply water to the Sample Analysis Measurement Module

    In order to supply water to the Measurement Module where the sample analysis is carried out, the surface pump (10) sends the surface waters of the aquatic environment (9) through the extraction pump (12). This collecting system consists of as many inputs as depth levels are required by the system (see Figure 13).

    b) Analysis of the water sample and sending data
     25
    Once the measurement is taken by the sensors located in the Measurement Module (3), this data is collected by the Control Module (5) and sent by the communications system controlled by the Energy and Communication Module (4).

    c) Sampling and analysis at different levels of depth 30

    Water is then extracted from the following depth hose in the Acquisition Module (1), by opening and closing the corresponding solenoid valves (12). Now the surface pump (9) is no longer necessary since the monitoring system is completely filled with water and works through the extraction pump (11). It is at this time when the measurement and sending of data, by the communications system, of the analysis of the water coming from the second hose. The stage is then repeated in point 3 with the extraction and analysis of the water sample from the next hose and the sending of data through the control unit (4) and the communications system. This process is repeated with the different hoses or water inlets (1), 40 synchronized with the opening of corresponding solenoid valves (12) and the sampling by the sensors (see Figure 14).

    d) Cleaning the monitoring system
     Four. Five
    Subsequently, once the measurement of all the depths is completed, the sensor system of the measurement module (3) is cleaned with filtered water, located in a tank (6) provided with a small bilge pump. The cleaning water circulates in a closed circuit returning to the tank at the end of this phase (see Figure 15). Once the cleaning water has been recirculated, the sensors will be reset for data collection and thus perform the routine procedure described above from point 1.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]

    1. Automatic and real-time monitoring system of water quality in an aquatic environment, characterized by comprising at least:
     5
     A Water Acquisition Module (1) consisting of a series of hoses at different depths formed by flexible pipes weighed thoroughly that allows us to design access to any depth of the Aquatic Environment (9) to be analyzed.
     A hydraulic system consisting of at least one surface pump (10) located 10 in an Extraction Module (2), which is located a few centimeters below the surface, which in turn connects to one of the water intakes of the Acquisition Module (1), through a coupling of extraction and drain hoses (7), and an extraction pump (11) located in the Extraction Module (2).
     fifteen
     An Analysis Measurement Module (3) of the water sample, composed of different water quality sensors.
     An Energy and Communications Module (4) comprising an autonomous energy collection system that is responsible for regulating the energy needs of the system at all times and a communication system that is responsible for sending and receiving data communications captured and analyzed by the Measurement Module (3).
     A System Control Module (5) that regulates the cycle of sample acquisition 25 of the different depth levels, the taking of water quality measurements, the sending of the data, as well as regulating the system cleaning cycle and the actions of orders received through the Energy and Communications Module (4).
     A Cleaning Module (6) consisting of a filtered water tank that is provided with a small bilge pump that is responsible for sending the cleaning water to the Measurement Module (3) in a closed circuit.

    [2]
    2. Water quality monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the Acquisition Module (1) is modular, where the number of corresponding hoses 35 at different depths will depend on the number of sampling levels required, which in turn It depends on the type of water and its complexity.

    [3]
    3. Water quality monitoring system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the Sample Analysis Measurement Module (3) consists of a series of sensors of 40 physical and chemical parameters, as well as concentration sensors of certain microorganisms present in the sample. water column.

    [4]
    4. Water quality monitoring system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy collection system of the Energy and Communications Module (4) is a modular system, which allows supplying the energy necessary for the operation of the system by means of a Direct connection to the electricity grid or an autonomous system based on photovoltaic panels, wind turbines or any autonomous energy system.

    [5]
    5. Water quality monitoring system according to claim 1 characterized in that the communication system of the Energy and Communications Module (4) can be by cable, telephony, wireless communication system, or any other system to send the collected data to a server
    [6]
    6. Water quality monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the proposed monitoring system can be on a floating platform, on a pole on the shore of an aquatic area, on a boat, on a buoy or grounded to a dam or a port.
     5
    [7]
    7. Water quality monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the system may not contain a Cleaning Module (6).

    [8]
    8. Water quality monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the system can reunify or separate modules into parts with the same features.

    [9]
    9. Water quality monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the system can be formed in its acquisition module by rigid or flexible pipe. fifteen

    [10]
    10. A method for water monitoring, according to claim 1 characterized by comprising the following steps:
    a) Supply water to the Measurement Module (3) of the surface sample, through the surface pump (10) of the Extraction Module and through the valve corresponding to the surface depth (12) passing through the extraction pump (11), and returning down the drain outside the monitoring system.
    b) Analysis of the water sample and sending of data, the analysis of the water sample is performed using the sensors of the Measurement Module (2), these data are collected by the Control Module (4) and sent by the communications system controlled by the Energy and Communications Module (4).
    c) Sampling and analysis at different levels of depth, by means of Control Module 30 (5), the corresponding solenoid valve of the following depth hose of the Acquisition Module (1) is activated, while closing the surface pump ( 10), so that the water that now passes to the Measurement Module (3) comes from a different level of depth, repeating step b) of measuring the water sample and sending data; This stage is repeated with the rest of the depth hoses included in the monitoring system, synchronized with the opening of corresponding solenoid valves (12) and data collection by the sensors of the Measurement Module (3) controlled by the Control Module (5).
    d) Cleaning the monitoring system, once the 40-depth sampling cycle is completed, the extraction pump (11) is stopped and the acquisition solenoid valves (12) are closed, to activate the Cleaning Module (6) consisting in sending filtered water from the cleaning tank to the Measurement Module (3) in a closed circuit, until the extraction and measurement cycle begins again.
     Four. Five
    [11]
    11. The system and method according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it is applicable in all types of aquatic environments, both continental and marine, in reservoirs, lakes, riverbeds, ports, estuaries and canals.
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    同族专利:
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